Research activity among physicians in the United Kingdom: results from the Royal College of Physicians Census 2022.

We present the results of the 2022 Census of the Federation of Royal Colleges of Physicians of Edinburgh, Glasgow and London on whether physicians undertake research and the barriers they have encountered. 40% of physicians reported that they undertook research alongside their clinical work. Multivariate analysis of the responses showed that men were 1.6 times more likely to say they undertake research than women. The main barriers to undertaking research were having enough time, organisational factors and a lack of confidence. In this opinion piece we discuss some of the challenges and how they could be addressed.

Accidentes de trabajo mortales y enfermedades profesionales en la minería (Régimen General). Perú: 2010-2019 / Fatal work accidents and professional diseases in mining (General Regime). Peru: 2010-2019

Se analiza el comportamiento de los accidentes de trabajo mortales (ATM) y de las enfermedades profesionales (EP), en relación con las empresas del régimen general en la minería peruana, durante los años 2010 al 2019. Se realizó un estudio transversal de la base de datos del Ministerio de Energía y Minas. El estudio incluyó las notificaciones de accidentes de trabajo mortales y de las enfermedades profesionales reportadas en esa década por las empresas mineras del régimen general; del 2010 al 2019 para los ATM, y entre 2011- 2019 para las EP, a nivel nacional. Resultados: De 422 ATM notificados entre 2010-2019 se determinan cuatro rangos, considerando 126 empresas. El rango D (dos empresas) son el 2% pero las que presentan la mayor siniestralidad laboral. La empresa D1 acredita 29 ATM y la empresa D2 tiene19 ATM, ambas asumen el 11.34% del total de los ATM en la década analizada. El rango A, son 95 empresas, conforman el 75% del total y presentan entre 1 a 3 ATM para el mismo periodo. El 61% de trabajadores víctimas de ATM son de contratistas y conexas; mientras que el 39% son ATM de las empresas principales. Entre 2011-2019 se notificaron 40,001 EP en las empresas mineras, trabajadores con menos de un año registran EP y mayores de 55 años tienen una curva pronunciada de EP. El 1% son trabajadoras mineras y el 99% son trabajadores. Se necesita mayor investigación sobre las EP en el sector minero(AU)

To analyse the behavior of fatal work accidents (ATMs for its acronym in Spanish) and occupational diseases (EPs), in companies under the general regime of the mining sector in Peru during the years 2010 to 2019. A cross-sectional study was carried out using the database from the Ministry of Energy and Mines (MINEM). The study included notifications at the national level of ATMs (2010-2019) and EPs (2011 to 2019) reported by the mining companies under the general regime. Results: Of 422 ATMs reported by 126 companies between 2010-2019, four range categories were determined. Rank D grouped two companies (representing only 2%) that had the highest occupational accident rate. Company D1 reported 29 ATMs and company D2 reported 19 ATMs, together accounting for 11.34% of the total number of ATMs during the study period. Rank A consisted of 95 companies (representing 75%) and reporting between 1 to 3 ATMs for the same period. Contractor and outsourcing companies reported 61% of workers victims of ATMs, while main companies reported 39% of ATMs. Between 2011-2019, 40,001 EPs were reported in mining companies, workers under one year reported EPs, and workers over 55 years of age had a steep EP curve. Female workers represent 1% of mining workers and 99% are male workers. More research is needed on EPs in the mining sector(AU)

Gender-diverse teams produce more novel and higher-impact scientific ideas.

Science's changing demographics raise new questions about research team diversity and research outcomes. We study mixed-gender research teams, examining 6.6 million papers published across the medical sciences since 2000 and establishing several core findings. First, the fraction of publications by mixed-gender teams has grown rapidly, yet mixed-gender teams continue to be underrepresented compared to the expectations of a null model. Second, despite their underrepresentation, the publications of mixed-gender teams are substantially more novel and impactful than the publications of same-gender teams of equivalent size. Third, the greater the gender balance on a team, the better the team scores on these performance measures. Fourth, these patterns generalize across medical subfields. Finally, the novelty and impact advantages seen with mixed-gender teams persist when considering numerous controls and potential related features, including fixed effects for the individual researchers, team structures, and network positioning, suggesting that a team's gender balance is an underrecognized yet powerful correlate of novel and impactful scientific discoveries.

Mind the gender gap: COVID-19 lockdown effects on gender differences in preprint submissions.

The gender gap is a well-known problem in academia and, despite its gradual narrowing, recent estimations indicate that it will persist for decades. Short-term descriptive studies suggest that this gap may have actually worsened during the months of confinement following the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. In this work, we evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on female and male academics' research productivity using preprint drop-off data. We examine a total of 307,902 unique research articles deposited in 5 major preprint repositories during the period between January and May each year from 2017 to 2020. We find that the proportion of female authors in online repositories steadily increased over time; however, the trend reversed during the confinement and gender parity worsened in two respects. First, the proportion of male authors in preprints increased significantly during lockdown. Second, the proportion of male authors in COVID-19-related articles was significantly higher than that of women. Overall, our results imply that the gender gap in academia suffered an approximately 1-year setback during the strict lockdown months of 2020, and COVID-related research areas suffered an additional 1.5-year setback.

Worldwide Research Trends on Diabetic Foot Ulcers (2004-2020): Suggestions for Researchers.

OBJECTIVES: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the devastating complications of diabetes. It has high mortality and disability rates. The number of research articles on DFUs has increased. This study was designed to explore the global trends and research hotspots of DFUs to benefit researchers in shaping future research directions. METHODS: Literatures relating to DFU from 2004 to 2020 were retrieved from the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-expanded) of Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). The current status of DFU research (including publications, journals, the performances of relevant countries, institutions, and authors and the research trends and hotspots of DFU) was analyzed with the WoSCC. VOSviewer v1.6.10.0 was utilised for cocitation, coauthorship, cooccurrence analyses, and bibliographic coupling. RESULTS: A total of 5869 publications on DFUs were retrieved. We performed a longitudinal review of publications over 17 years: 4500 articles and 865 review articles on DFUs published from 2004 to 2020 were analyzed. The total citation was 107,296. The USA (n = 1866), England (n = 606), and China (n = 599) were the three largest contributors. The University of Washington had the greatest number of publications within this time period (n = 103), and it had the most cooperative units and was in the core position in all research institutions, followed by the University of Manchester (n = 94) and the University of Miami (n = 92). Armstrong DG (91/1.69%) and Lavery LA (55/1.19%) should be regarded as scholars who have made outstanding contributions. The top journal with the greatest total link strength was Diabetes Care. Analysis showed that the global research hotspots of DFU focused on lower limb amputation, diabetic foot infection, and treatment and management of DFU. Studies on osteomyelitis, wound therapy and management, multidisciplinary integration and mechanism of DFUs, and its related diseases are the research fronts that should be closely watched in the future. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed the current research status and hotspots in the domain of DFU over the past 17 years, which can help researchers to further pinpoint potential perspectives on hot topics and research frontiers.

An Overview of Commonly Used Data Sources in Observational Research in Anesthesia.

Anesthesia research using existing databases has drastically expanded over the last decade. The most commonly used data sources in multi-institutional observational research are administrative databases and clinical registries. These databases are powerful tools to address research questions that are difficult to answer with smaller samples or single-institution information. Given that observational database research has established itself as valuable field in anesthesiology, we systematically reviewed publications in 3 high-impact North American anesthesia journals in the past 5 years with the goal to characterize its scope. We identified a wide range of data sources used for anesthesia-related research. Research topics ranged widely spanning questions regarding optimal anesthesia type and analgesic protocols to outcomes and cost of care both on a national and a local level. Researchers should choose their data sources based on various factors such as the population encompassed by the database, ability of the data to adequately address the research question, budget, acceptable limitations, available data analytics resources, and pipeline of follow-up studies.

All types of Research and Publication (including in Diabetes) have shown a healthy rising trend from India in the last decade.

India has moved up its publications ranking globally to fourth, and to second amongst Asiatic countries in 2020, in all subject areas. In Diabetes journals the Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews is the fastest growing journal with the highest Cite Scoree, currently.

Relationships Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease: A Bibliometric Analysis (2010-2021).

BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disease that can lead to intermittent hypoxia, increased sympathetic overdrive, and excessive oxidative stress, and eventually lead to cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. The prevalence of OSA is reported to be higher in people with certain cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Therefore, the relationship between OSA and CVD has been gradually favored by researchers. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data were downloaded from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Citespace was used to remove duplicated data and construct knowledge visual maps. RESULTS A total of 7047 publications were obtained. The USA was the largest contributor as well as an important player in the cooperation network between nations. The leading institution was the Mayo Clinic. Our study ultimately identified the top 5 hotspots and 4 research frontiers in this field. Top 5 hotspots were: the specific types of obstructive sleep apnea-related cardiovascular and metabolic co-morbidities, the curative effects of CPAP on these co-morbidities, the specific mechanisms of co-morbidities, the importance of polysomnography on OSA and its co-morbidities with CVD, and the prevalence of OSA and its co-morbidities with CVD in particular populations. The top 4 frontiers were: the relationship between OSA and resistant hypertension, the molecular mechanisms of OSA and its co-morbidities with CVD, specific medications and treatment guidelines for the co-morbidities, and the mainstream research methods in this field. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insight and valuable information for researchers and helps to identify new perspectives concerning potential collaborators and cooperative institutions, hot topics, and research frontiers in this field.

Evaluation of turkish pharmaceutical track and trace system (ITS): perspective of community pharmacists

Abstract Turkish Pharmaceutical Track & Trace System (ITS) is implemented as a system in which drug movements are tracked in order to ensure drug safety. The system is integrated among drug stores, pharmacies and reimbursement institutions. As the pharmacies are the primary users, their evaluations regarding the system are considered important. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the pharmacies'- a shareholder of ITS in Turkey- satisfaction level for ITS and problems and suggestions encountered in the system. The most expressed contribution of ITS to the pharmacists' work was the ease of medicine tracking and control with 27.1%. The average satisfaction level of pharmacists about ITS was found to be 2.9±1.2. In the research, the most expressed of the regarding the areas of ITS that need to be developed is 'work without interruption' with 37.1%. ITS application has provided advantages for pharmacies in many aspects that facilitate operations. However, continuous development of technology, increasing information resources and diversity, changing expectations, and utilization levels of the users require the constant improvement of the performance of the system.

Revisão de escopo das publicações sobre transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo (TOC) e a pandemia de Covid-19 entre 2020 e 2022 / Scope review of the publications on obsessive compulsive disorder (TOC) and pandemic between 2020 and 2022

A proposta desta dissertação foi realizar uma revisão de escopo de 96 artigos científicos que analisaram a relação do quadro psicopatológico do Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo (TOC) no contexto da pandemia de Covid-19, disponíveis em revistas indexadas. Tais publicações utilizadas neste mapeamento foram retiradas das bases de dados PubMed, PsyInfo e da biblioteca virtual Scielo. Elas são referentes ao período entre 2020 até março de 2022. A busca e filtragem deste material foi orientada pela metodologia da revisão de escopo. A análise destes artigos indicou a presença de dois objetivos nas pesquisas indicadas: a discussão da trajetória de evolução dos quadros de TOC e a terapêutica do TOC na pandemia. No capítulo a respeito dos quadros clínicos, a análise dos dados foi organizada a partir dos grupos populacionais estudados pelos autores (adultos, profissionais de saúde, gestantes e puérperas e crianças e adolescentes). A partir da divisão em grupos populacionais, as publicações foram agrupadas tendo em vista suas metodologias para o exame de seu desenvolvimento e achados. No capítulo sobre a terapêutica do TOC na Covid-19, os achados foram organizados por metodologias para seu exame. Os dados destes estudos mostraram que a maior parte dos autores se dedicaram a analisar o público adulto ou não especificaram objetivamente a idade das pessoas que avaliaram. Os profissionais de saúde foram a população menos contemplada por esta temática dentro das populações sobre as quais os artigos versaram. Os artigos sobre grávidas e puérperas buscaram discutir a influência das condições de vida para a saúde mental e o TOC destas pessoas, o que destoa das outras pesquisas nesta revisão de escopo. O impacto da pandemia, a explicação deste impacto para indivíduos com TOC, a influência das informações midiáticas sobre a Covid-19 e do grupo familiar sobre pessoas com TOC foram questões contempladas pelos autores mencionados neste capítulo. Os artigos sobre a terapêutica do transtorno em questão na Covid-19 discutiram as limitações originárias da crise sanitária para o tratamento do TOC, e exemplificaram ferramentas tecnológicas que podem ser utilizadas no tratamento das pessoas em questão. Alguns também buscaram traçar perfil de vulnerabilidade para o TOC na pandemia com a majoritariedade dos resultados apontando para a vulnerabilidade feminina. O tratamento da população composta por crianças e adolescentes com o transtorno foi pouco foi contemplado pelos pesquisadores nesta seção. Os determinantes sociais de saúde relacionadas ao gênero feminino, indicado como mais vulnerável ao TOC nos dois capítulos acima mencionados foram discutidos em uma seção própria. Nesta seção, dados de estudos sobre as condições de vida na pandemia da população feminina no Brasil e na América Latina foram utilizados para ilustrar a vulnerabilidade desta população.

The proposition of this dissertation was to make a scope review of 96 scientific articles that analyzed the relation of the psychopathological board of obssessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in the context of covid-19 pandemics, available in indexed magazines. Such publications utilized in this mapping were taken from the databases PubMed, PsyInfo and from the Scielo virtual library. They refer to the year of 2020 up to March 2022. The research and filtering of this material were oriented by the scope review methodology. The analysis of these articles pointed to the presence of two objectives in the referred researches: the discussion about the evolutionary trajectory of OCD cases and the therapeutics of OCD in the pandemic. In the chapter about the clinical cases, the data analysis was organized by the populational groups studied by the authors (adults, health professionals, pregnant and puerperal women, children and adolescents). By dividing the populational groups, the publications were arranged considering their methodologies for examining the developments and findings. In the chapter about the therapeutics of OCD during Covid-19, the findings were organised by the methodologies for their examination. The data from these studies show that the majority of authors have either dedicated themselves to analyze the adult public or didn´t speciffy objectively the age of the population evaluated. Health professionals were the population less considered by this thematics. The articles about pregnant and puerperal women focused on discussing the influence of the living conditions to mental health and the OCD of these people, wich differs from the other researches in this scope review. The impact of the pandemic, the explanation of this impact to individuals with OCD, the influence of media informations about Covid-19 and the family group about people with OCD were points contemplated by the authors mentioned in this chapter. The articles about the therapeutics of the disorder in question, during Covid-19, argued about the limitations that came from the sanitary crisis for the treatment of OCD, and exemplified technological tools that can be used on the treatment of such people. Some also tried to trace the profile of vulnerability to OCD in the pandemic, with the majority of the results pointing to female vulnerability. The treatment of the population composed by children and adolescents with the disorder was mentioned little by the researches in this section. The social determiners of health related to the female gender, pointed as the most vulnerable to OCD in the two chapters mentioned before, were discussed in a chapter of their own. In this chapter, data from studies about the life conditions, in the pandemic, of the feminine population in Brazil and Latin America were used to illustrate the vulnerability of this population.

The importance of motivation in selecting undergraduate medical students for extracurricular research programmes.

INTRODUCTION: Extracurricular research programmes (ERPs) may contribute to reducing the current shortage in physician-scientists, but usually select students based on grades only. The question arises if students should be selected based on their motivation, regardless of their previous academic performance. Focusing on grades and lacking to take motivation into account when selecting students for ERPs might exclude an important target group when aiming to cultivate future physician-scientists. Therefore, this study compared ERP students with lower and higher previous academic performance on subsequent academic performance, ERP performance, and motivational factors. METHODS: Prospective cohort study with undergraduate medical students who filled in a yearly questionnaire on motivational factors. Two student groups participating in an ERP were compared: students with first-year grade point average (GPA) ≥7 versus <7 on a 10-point grading scale. Linear and logistic regressions analyses were used to compare groups on subsequent academic performance (i.e. third-year GPA, in-time bachelor completion), ERP performance (i.e. drop-out, number of credits), and motivational factors (i.e. intrinsic motivation for research, research self-efficacy beliefs, perceptions of research, curiosity), while adjusting for gender and motivational factors at baseline. RESULTS: The <7 group had significantly lower third-year GPA, and significantly higher odds for ERP drop-out than the ≥7 group. However, there was no significant between-group difference on in-time bachelor completion and the <7 group was not inferior to the ≥7 group in terms of intrinsic motivation for research, perceptions of research, and curiosity. CONCLUSIONS: Since intrinsic motivation for research, perceptions of research, and curiosity are prerequisites of future research involvement, it seems beneficial to focus on motivation when selecting students for ERPS, allowing students with lower current academic performance to participate in ERPs as well.